bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, which are key factors in persistent infections.
Membrane disruption causes ion leakage
Energy production is impaired
Inhibition of biofilm formation reduces chronic infection risk
However, the concentrations required for these effects in vitro are often higher than what can be safely achieved in the human body, limiting clinical applicability without proper formulation.
4. How oregano affects fungi
Fungal pathogens such as Candida species are also vulnerable to oregano oil, primarily through similar membrane-disrupting actions. Thymol and carvacrol interfere with fungal cell membrane integrity and mitochondrial
